Knidos is an ancient city famous as a centre of art and culture. Founded in 400 BC by Dorian traders who were part of a federation of six neighbouring states, the city was the most prosperous settlement on the west coast of Anatolia. The Temple of Apollo, which served as the common sanctuary of Hexapolis, was built at Knidos. The city's strategic location on maritime trade routes significantly contributed to its importance and prosperity.
Ancient Knidos had two harbours: one served as a naval base, while the other was dedicated to maritime trade. The harbour entrance was embellished with impressive lion statues. The city was built according to a plan drawn by the renowned architect Hippodamos of Miletos and featured an excellent sewage system that was advanced for its time.
Knidos was also famous as a centre of educational and scientific activities. The scientist Eudoxus, an astronomer and mathematician, built an observatory in the city and made crucial observations of Canopus that were important for navigation. With the help of Euclid, he developed important mathematical theories that laid the foundation for modern navigation. The architect Sostratus, who designed the Pharos lighthouse at Alexandria (one of the Seven Ancient Wonders of the World), was also from Knidos. Knidians were renowned for producing excellent wine.
The statue of Aphrodite, which stood proudly in her sanctuary at Knidos, was crafted by the master sculptor Praxiteles and was the world's first nude statue. Originally commissioned by Kos, its delivery was refused when those citizens learned it was a nude representation of the goddess of love. Aphrodite was believed to bring good fortune to seafarers, and this magnificent nude statue attracted numerous tourists to Knidos. The influx was so great that Knidians had to add protective barriers between the columns to protect the statue from overly enthusiastic admirers.
Although the statue has never been found during excavations and remains one of antiquity's lost treasures, some sources claim that the head of Aphrodite is stored in the warehouses of the British Museum.